Vertical ridges on the nails — also considered as longitudinal striations — are raised lines that run from the cuticle to the tip of the nail. These ridges can vary in depth and number and are often more visible as we age.

For most people, these ridges are a normal part of aging. Just like skin removes elasticity and hair turns gray, nails also deal with structural changes over time. The production of keratin — the protein that forms nails — may slow down or become uneven, leading to changes in nail texture.

Main Causes After Age 40

Natural Aging Process

The most popular reason for vertical ridges is simply getting older. As we age, the body’s ability to change skin cells slows down. This also affects nail matrix cells (the base of the nail), causing them to produce keratin unevenly, resulting in ridges.

Dehydration of the Nail

Aging skin tends to be drier, and the same goes for nails. A lack of moisture can make the nail plate more brittle and emphasize any natural ridges. Regular exposure to water, soap, and cleaning chemicals can deteriorate this dryness.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Low levels of crucial nutrients like biotin, iron, zinc, or magnesium can cause weaker, ridged nails. Since metabolism and nutrient absorption may diminish with age, deficiencies become more likely after 40.

Health Conditions

In some cases, vertical ridges may imply health issues such as poor circulation, thyroid imbalance, or even rheumatoid arthritis. If you spot other symptoms like fatigue, brittle hair, or changes in skin texture, it’s worth visiting a doctor.

When Should You Worry?

While vertical ridges are usually benign, you should draw attention if they come with:

• Changes in nail color (especially dark lines or streaks)
• Nail splitting, peeling, or thickening
• Pain, swelling, or inflammation around the nail

These could be signals of fungal infections, trauma, or in rare cases, melanoma (a serious form of skin cancer that can appear under the nail).